As of 1 January 2006, the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan constituted 15,219.3 thousand people. In total, there are more than 30 nationalities. In the ethnic structure of the population, seven nationalities are the majorities in the country: Kazakhs – 55.6%, Russians – 28%, Ukrainians – 3.7%, Uzbeks – 2.5%, Germans – 2.4%, Tatars – 1.7%, Uigurs – 1.4%.

At the beginning of 2006 the population density in general constituted 5.6 people per 1 km2.